{"id":548,"date":"2022-11-14T09:34:10","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T09:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3d-pitoti.eu\/?page_id=548"},"modified":"2022-11-14T16:07:28","modified_gmt":"2022-11-14T16:07:28","slug":"project","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/3d-pitoti.eu\/en\/project\/","title":{"rendered":"Project"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The ambitious \u20ac2.9m 3D-PITOTI project involves a multidisciplinary team of over 30 scientists from across Europe and focuses on rock art in the Valcamonica Valley, Italy. This UNESCO World Heritage site in the Lombardy region of northern Italy has the largest group of this \u2018rock art\u2019 in Europe. Tens of thousands of images span a period from many centuries BC into medieval times.<\/p>

Unlike the famous prehistoric European art found protected from the elements deep in a handful of limestone caves, the simple open-air rock carvings have been left exposed to the elements for over 7000 years. They might be widespread across most European countries but they are now so badly eroded that they can only be seen when the light shines on them from a certain direction.\u00a0 These \u201cPitoti\u201d (meaning little puppet in the local dialect) are simple but beguiling carvings with extraordinary graphics and appearing in a vast range of forms and depictions. This wealth of Europe\u2019s cultural heritage provides autobiographical stories from our ancient past.\u00a0 What European rock-art gives us is the world of prehistoric Europeans, as they themselves experienced it and understood it.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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3D-Pitoti Scanner<\/h2>

The 3D-PITOTI Scanner is capable to record at the sub-millimetre scale a faithful digital reproduction of rock-art. The 3D-Pitoti Scanner does not require ground control points because of its capability of outside-in tracking and scale information. This is accomplished by the combination of tachymeter-based tracking of the scanner, calibrated stereo and SfM. Two Li-Po batteries allow a constant data acquisition for a full day.For the acquisition of the colour information, the 3D-Pitoti Scanner is equipped with a custom made flash providing up to 165000 lx. Each time two pictures are taken, one with flash and one without flash for the further radiometric processing of the data. For geometry measurement extend Structure-from-Motion with constrained bundle adjustment post processing is used to obtain geo-referenced Euclidean reconstructions. Frame differencing of images with and without intense artificial illumination is used to eliminate the influence of ambient illumination and the radiometric surface properties are calculated based on known illumination configuration and radiometric calibration. Calculating the relations between surface normal, camera pose, and incident light leads to the final result of dense 3D point clouds that represent radiometric surface properties.During data acquisition the 3D-Pitoti scanner provides instant user feedback on an external tablet. The especially developed online Structure from Motion algorithm allows an in-field preprocessing of the measurement data, providing the user with different information, such as a sparse point cloud, a mesh and the amount of matched pictures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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D-Pitoti UAV view planning<\/strong><\/p>

For the mid-range data acquisition, the 3D-Pitoti consortium was using an octocopter UAV. To obtain a good and complete 3D reconstruction, the 3D-Pitoti consortium developed a system, which surpasses the tradition definition of view planning. The system closes the loop between acquisition and reconstruction and works completely on-site without any prior model.<\/p>

Through iteratively updating the geometry, planning and autonomous execution, our system closes the acquisition and reconstruction loop and is able to deal with inaccurate scene estimates as well as imperfect plan execution.<\/p>

One of our key novelties of our approach is that we specifically learned the requirements of the final densification step with respect to the camera constellation and the scene characteristics. During the project, we demonstrated that this novel feature can significantly improve the resulting 3D reconstruction in coverage and accuracy<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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